Why it matters: Understanding immune cell communication and memory can unlock better vaccines, new treatments, and strategies to control inflammation and disease. What’s new: Scientists have mapped ...

Humans encounter innumerable pathogenic bacteria, viruses and other microbes in their day-to-day activities. While infections from some pathogens can be easily cleared by the innate immune system, ...

However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

The immune system can be further classified into the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although innate myeloid cells, such as macrophages, generate a ‘trained’ immune response following antigen ...